It is almost 6 times stronger than cotton, 2 times that of flax and almost equals silk in its lustre. Ramie is one of the oldest fiber crops, having been used for at least 6,000 years, and is principally used for fabric production. The quality of decortication and fibre recovery also depend largely on the efficiency of the operator as well as condition of the plants. Another important problems associated with the ramie fibre is the removal of gums from the un-degummed crude fibres. Prolonged treatment with strong alkali and strong acids causes loss in strength of the fibre and also hydrolysis of cellulose. Dewey." --- "Revision of, and supersedes Miscellaneous circular no. The adaptation of the plant to soil is another retarding factor. Again, from dielectric behaviour … Generally it grows up to a height of 1-25 m, the leaves are heart-shaped, 7-15 cm long and 6-12 cm broad and white on the underside with dense small hairs. The retting process of ramie involves lots of chemicals and is labor-intensive. Currently National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (NIRJAFT) is working for the development of a new grading system for ramie fibre. Among all the bast fibres, major content of cellulose is found in the ramie. The existing jute grading system can also be adoptable in the case of ramie. Ramie is one of the oldest textile fibers. Kenaf Ramie Fiber Processing Machinery Hemp Flax Decorticator And Raspador , Find Complete Details about Kenaf Ramie Fiber Processing Machinery Hemp Flax Decorticator And Raspador,Pineapple Fiber Decorticating Machine,Hemp,Kenaf Fiber from Shellers Supplier or Manufacturer-Zhengzhou Alpha Machinery Co., Ltd. There are 2 major varieties of ramie plants. It is highly crystalline fibre. From the figure it is observed that after the chemical treatment, the fibres are found to be clean. The weight loss is mainly because of evaporation of water and volatile substances (low molecular weight waxes and fats). It is also made into fabrics for household furnishings and clothing, frequently in … preliminary processing of ramie: fibre extraction The fibre is derived from the inner bast tissues of the stem. Ramie is used to make such products as industrial sewing thread, packing materials, fishing nets, and filter cloths. As mentioned above, ramie is not retted in the same way as are other stem fibres such as jute, hemp, flax, etc., because the pectinous substances in ramie are far more difficult to remove or break down than those present in these other fibres. Ramie can be used, generally speaking, for those purposes for which flax and hemp are normally used-particularly for twines and threads, for which purposes its properties of strength and lack of stretch make it most suitable. OPEN ACCESS Asian Journal of Textile ISSN 1819-3358 DOI: 10.3923/ajt.2017.1.9 Review Article Ramie Fibre Processing and Value Addition 1Seiko Jose, 2S. The study of She et al. The stems are green until they are mature, but then they begin to turn brown, starting at the bottom. It is important that ramie should be harvested at the right time if the best fibre is to be obtained. The total lifespan of the crop ranges from 6-20 years4. Ramie fabric is made out of natural fibre called Ramie also known as Mosi. Now, the main problem of decorticating machine is, availability and that too at reasonable or affordable price by farmers. The SEM images showing the effect of combined degumming and bleaching is shown in Fig. Table 2 shows weight loss percentage of ramie fibre subjected to heating in varied temperature, indicating nature of thermal decomposition. The yield of ribbons varies between 2-4% of the weight of the green plant and yield of degummed fibre is normally about one percent of the weight of the green plants. Ramie fibre is one of the premium and oldest textile vegetable fibres. The ribbons of partially separated but not yet degummed fibre, are known as "China grass" and it is in this form that ramie is normally exported from China to European and other markets. After three passages of successive drawing, the sliver was processed through jute roving machine and finally spun in to a yarn of 84 tex. Awareness programs like exhibitions, seminars, training, etc., may encourage the farmers to grow ramie in vast areas. 1 In China, ramie is planted as a key cash crop Properties of Ramie Fibers: The properties of ramie fibers are given below: Ramie is a cellulosic natural fiber. Form the table 1 it is observed that the cellulosic content in ramie is much more than other bast fibre like Jute and Hemp. In ramie crop, return comes mainly from the second year onwards. After the fibre has been submitted to the degumming action, it is thoroughly washed and dried. From the physico-mechanical characterization such as: hardness measurement, density measurement, void fraction or porosity measurement, and flexural strength measurement, it is found that the prepared composite is of light weight and high strength. Stalks becoming dry after harvest cannot be properly decorticated. However, the development of a greater ramie industry has been hampered, first, by technical difficulties resulted from the nature of the fibre and secondly, by commercial difficulties attendant upon the introduction of most new textiles. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is a perennial crop valued for its strong bast fibers. Removal of the gum enables the fibre to take a more crystalline form. Weight loss occurs between 290 and 380°C, mainly corresponds to cellulose degradation. 7. The high potential of ramie fibre is not fully exploited due to various techno-economic reasons. After harvesting, if the ribbons are not to be stripped from the stalks right away and the fibre extracted, the cut stems or ribbons should be dried as soon as possible, to prevent bacterial attack. To make them suitable for spinning, the decorticated ramie fibre has to be degummed in an effort to separate the individual fibres free from gums, waxes and pectins and leave them in a soft, clean state with their strength and other textile characteristics intact. The coarseness of the fibre reduces its scope of application in apparels, but suitable blending may solve this issue. Ramie Title Ramie Processing treatment commercial processing Image Identification information Ramie-003-06-19-09-POL-400X-PM-9 Image capture digital Date of image capture 06/19/09 Microscopist L. Crawford Microscope Zeiss Axioplan Mounting agent and RI RI: permount 1.515 Microscopic technique Polarized light, fiber at maximum brightness Lumen type From the Fig. Generally two methods of grading are adopted. For proper extraction of fibre, efficient decorticating machines or decorticators are needed to be made available to the growers at reasonable price. In spite of the undoubtedly good properties of ramie fibre, the wide occurrence of the plant and the enormous amount of publicity which has been given to the subject from time, the fibre has not so far been developed or used on any large scale outside of China and Japan. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FIBRE PROPERTIES. This fiber is used to blend with the cotton or wool fiber. The bast of ramie cannot be removed from the woody tissue in which it is embedded by a simple retting process such as is used for flax, hemp and jute. 8. White ramie and green ramie as shown in Fig. Let’s have a look on the factors. The FTIR spectrum of raw ramie fibre is shown in Fig. Unlike other major bast fiber crops, ramie fiber processing does not include retting, but does require degumming, suggesting distinctive features in pectin and the development and composition of fibers. Ramie fibre will be graded before taken in to processing industry. The fibre is coarser and consists of hairs, projecting from the surface, its length varies considerably from 40-200 mm and the fibre diameter is around 25-30 μm. On gum removal, the crystallites increase in width but deteriorate with regard to their alignment along the fibre axis21. A number of small machines have been designed in various countries with the objective of extracting bast fibre from the green stems of jute and similar fibre plants and thus eliminating the need of retting. Cortexes removed mechanically or manually in a process, so-called decorti-cations. The medium-length fibre is either spun on its own, or spun together with the short fibre and any waste which is obtained during the dressing of the long fibre. The high potentiality of Ramie is not much exploited in counties, other than china. A manufacturer can place an order for as much as, say, one million lb on the spot for cotton. The decorticated fibres are cooked in vessels with 1-2% of caustic soda under pressure for 1 h. A slight mistake in the degumming process can spoil the quality of fibre, since the major component in ramie is cellulose and is sensitive to alkali. Harvesting is done either by manually or by using mechanical harvesters. Then, the cortexes are scraped to remove shell and partial gums. During eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, ramie cultivation became established in many areas of the western world. A novel low cost polymer composite using brown grass flower broom reinforcement is prepared. Rajna and 1P. In India, national level institutes like National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (NIRJAFT), Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF) are working to innovate ramie fibre in the front line. The fibre possesses some very valuable properties because of its silky, luster, unparallel strength, durability and its suitability to blend with all other natural and manmade fibres. Still, countries like Brazil, India, Philippines, Taiwan, France, etc., are also cultivating ramie in small volumes. The degummed ramie contain a residual gummy content of 1-5% according to the type of spinning process to be used, dry spinning requires a clean fibre, white wet spinning requires a gum reside31. Normally, about 60% of the total weight of the degummed material will be long fibre. They may be used in this form for coarse products, but if ramie is to be spun into yarns suitable for fine fabrics, the first process in the mill is to degum the ribbons. Because of this variable length, before the fibre is subjected to spinning process, it is cut in to uniform size. In a study the degumming of ramie with sodium metasilicate, alone or in combination with other alkali solutions such as sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate and sodium metasilicate phosphate, has been reported23. It gives better result when it wet. Colour, strength, softness, length, fibre separation and defects (major, minor). Ramie fiber is collected from the bark of the vegetable stalks. The results show that, compared to long ramie fibers processed in a conventional ramie spinning system, the stretch-broken fibers, with reasonable fiber length and high length uniformity, can be processed in a cotton spinning system with high efficiency … Production of Ramie Fibre-Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), commonly known as China grass, white ramie, green ramie and rhea, is one of the group referred to as the bast fiber crops. By decortication, the outer bark, the central woody core and some portion of the gums and waxes of the bast are mechanically removed. Harvesting and Threshing. The finest yarns are produced on the spun silk system developed by the Japanese, but this system is labour intensive. Ramie fiber is very durable, is pure white in colour and has a … Abstract. Earlier so many countries tried to cultivate ramie, some of them withdrawn the cultivation due to some inevitable situations. In order that the fiber may lend itself more readily to the subsequent manufacturing operations, it is usually treated with an oily preparation composed in most cases of water, glycerine, wax and soap, when it is thoroughly softened, ramie is ready for processing22. Includes bibliographical references Addeddate PROCESSING. Ramie is an important fiber crop used in textile processing. See more ideas about fiber, plant fibres, natural fibers. It is stiff and brittle and it breaks when repeatedly folded in the same place. Ramie is most often blended with other fibres for its unique strength, absorbency, lustre and dye affinity. The use of ramie is limited by its price and spinning properties. During grading, the following parameters are to be checked. It is one of the strongest natural fibres having rich cellulose content. The highest yield is attained in the third and fourth years and maintained until the plant is about six years old8. Properties of degummed ramie fibres make it more attractive and better than cotton. It was used in mummy cloths in Egypt during the period 5000-3300 BC and has been grown in China for many centuries. In the current scenario, the textile industries are not showing much interest in the processing of ramie due to the difficulties associated with degumming and unsteady supply of fibre in the market. The ultimate fibers are exceptionally long and are claimed to be the longest of vegetable origin, with one report claiming the fibers range up to 580 mm, averaging about 125 mm. There is no international grading system is available for grading of ramie fibre and the grading is done as per the standards developed by the ramie producing countries. During this period, it can be harvested up to 6 times in a year. Ramie is a premium plant fibre with several useful characteristics and improvements in processing methods may well result in ramie becoming a … It is essential to remove the excess of alkali by acetic acid treatment after chemical degumming, otherwise the fibre strength will be reduced. The separated cells of ramie, known as "filasse" although white and clean, are still somewhat harsh and dry. China is the biggest producer of ramie fibre followed by Brazil and Philippines (Fig. It was used in mummy cloths in Egypt during the period 5000 - 3000 BC and has been grown in China for many centuries. It is one of the strongest fiber then others. The peak at 1424 cm–1 corresponds to the bending vibration of CH2 for crystalline as well as amorphous cellulose27. It is resistant to bacteria, mildew, mild alkalis, rotting26, sunlight and insect attack. The thermogravimetric analysis of ramie fibre is shown in Fig. Also, one should know the advantage and disadvantage of ramie fiber. Among nature fibres, cotton occupied supreme position in both production and consumption. 1b. "Contribution from Bureau of Plant Industry." Then use X-ray diffraction method to determine the crystallinity and orientation of pristine and modified ramie fibers. Loss in strength of the phloem and provide strength to the growers at price! 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