So, im thinking would condiioner dilute the dye's color to make it lighter? Her articles on family, parenting and relationships are published on eHow.com. Mixing hair color with a brush is harder. Due to this, the only way to achieve a blue color that is lighter than your hair's existing color is to lighten it with bleach first. Alright, so as I said above, sometimes you don’t need to add additional dye after bleaching and toning your hair. All you need to do is to dilute half cup of lemon juice with half cup of distilled water. This way the roots will have less time to develop than the rest of the hair. For less intense results, make the color lighter using our Dilute color mixer or rinse out before the suggested time. 1 decade ago. Once the desired color is achieved, style the hair as normal. The dye I have is Schwarzkopf Live color xxl in ''Mystic Violet'' and i want a lilac color.. i have a hot hot hot pink dye and i want to dilute … I reached out to Joe J. Cincotta, PhD from Federici Brands to find out the science behind this lemony hair hack. The dye I have is Schwarzkopf Live color xxl in ''Mystic Violet'' and i want a lilac color.. Google "How to Remove Dye from Hair" or. Lisa Dryden is currently a title QA and freelance writer working happily with Demand Studios. It thinkens the hair dye making it easier to apply 2. 3) Prevent other hair dye mistakes Steps. Mix it. That would work very well if that’s the goal. Suzanne Hodgson is a graduate of Penn State University, receiving Bachelor of Arts degrees in journalism and integrative art. Pour approximately three-quarters of the amount of dye called for in the mixing instructions into a bucket or bowl. 4 years ago. Its a dark brown colour but i wanted it light brown . These 13 at-home hair color tricks, hacks, tips, and techniques will leave you with a brilliant, glossy, and vibrant mane. For a milder formula that can be used to correct dark dyed hair or remove toner, use 10 vol developer. Dilute Color With Conditioner: If you want pastel hair immediately, dilute! It’s hard to say exactly how hair dye and lemon juice will react. To lighten my own dark hair, colourist Terry at Daniel Galvin London used their Miracle Solution Detox. In fact, in most cases, it will be slightly darker than before because of the added blue color. The volume of developer you choose when you dye your hair will determine how light or dark your hair color will appear. My hair is pretty long – mid way down my back – and I tend to use one and a half jars of Directions each time I dye my hair. The truth lies somewhere in the middle, as with most dilemmas we face. Allow it to sit on the hair for about half an hour. Hair Color Dye Remover. Add Dilute to any semi-permanent hair color until the desired lighter shade is achieved. Yes, they're exxy, but a shower filter will prevent fading and … Use a good filtered/distilled water, tap water has higher mineral content which can make ur color more brassy. // Leaf Group Lifestyle, How to Make Purple Hair Dye From Kool Aid, How to Stop White Hair From Turning Yellow. To apply, choose either strands of hair or apply it to your full head of hair for an all over lighter effect. Take a small drop of dishwashing detergent, such as Dawn, and place it in the hair. Many times, you can find hair color removers and hair lighteners sold over-the-counter at your local drugstore. Learn how to use. You can use conditioner to dilute the colour and make it more pastel. If you are looking to dramatically lighten your hair… The arctic fox hair dye … This can cause panic and frustration, but there are steps that can be taken to lighten the hair to the desired shade. But I just noticed I bought the hair dye to dark! Replace the other one-quarter of called-for amount of dye with warm water. Once you have the ideal … Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used to lighten hair. Like ive seen some people add conditioner ? Stargazer has a good white hair dye but it doesn't last long. Sure, the woman smiling on the front of the box looks beautiful, but … Be sure not to over dilute, 1/2 bottle dye + a bit less than 1/4 water… Arctic Fox Hair Dye is one of the longest lasting semi-permanent hair dyes on the market and has been tested against other brands. The best hair dye to lighten freshly dyed hair would be more than 4 shades the color you are trying to fade. Pre-wash any fabric that is going to be dyed. Do this 2-3 times a day for the purpose. Hair bleach is mind-blowing adverse, and as much as you opt for easy blonde hair, is it fairly nicely worth your hair no longer growing to be, snapping off, and falling out? Without a pre-wash, the fabric could change colors after it has been dyed and then washed. Toning is level on level, so 10 Vol, Right? I’ve had toning results that didn’t exactly get me as silver as I would have liked, so added a semi-permanent dye on top. It also provides other hair benefits, such as reducing excess oil and calming an itchy scalp. Choose from top-of-the-crop brands such as Garnier Nutrisse, Schwarzkopf, etc. Once your hair color has faded, you can then dye your hair at home. Using a lighter blue dye won't necessarily result in a lighter color result as the dye can't lighten your existing hair color. The oxidizing process chemically attacks and re… But the thing is, conditioner works by making it harder for the colour to stick to the hair. To keep your hair color from coming out too dark, only use permanent hair color to cover gray hair and on your regrowth. Is there any way to make it lighter? The majority of the time, the specific shade listed on the box ends up being the same color on the hair. Prepare to Dye! Add a cup of deep conditioner of your choice, preferably hair lightening … Here are the steps to lighten dyed hair with cinnamon. By shampooing you hair mix with a bit of Dawn. Wait at least an hour until the hair is completely dry before using any new hair color. The good news is that several DIY home solutions can safely lighten the color of your hair. The common debate about diluting hair dye often consists of what substances a person can dilute their hair dye with, and what they cannot. The arctic fox hair dye company, founded by Kristen Leanne, boasts that all its dyes are vegan and 100% cruelty-free. As you apply the dye, separate each section of hair into smaller sections. Also, Special FX are far better than Manic Panic 1 decade ago If I mix my hot pink hair dye with conditioner, will that dilute it and make the color lighter? Results vary a lot depending on the conditioner though so it's best to do a strand test first. in the experience that your hair is an unpleasant golden orange, you will probable have the capacity to dye it to a depressing dark blonde with a bottle dye. The volume of developer you choose when you dye your hair will determine how light or dark your hair color will appear. . The result will be a more pastel version of the dye. If you need consistent results I recommend mixing with white toner from the same brand. How Do I Use Rit Dye to Make Turquoise Color? You can buy White hair dye, the same brand if you can, and mix a little with your pink dye until it looks like the colour that you want. 17. Get the right amount of product. 2. She has a Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of Arizona and a Master of Education in educational psychology from Northern Arizona University. Pour approximately three-quarters of the amount of dye called for in the mixing instructions into a bucket or bowl. That would work very well if that’s the goal. By adjusting the processing time. If you accidentally add too much water, you can try to rectify the situation by placing the fabric in the dye longer so the fabric can soak up some of the color. How do you dilute (To make the color lighter) permanent hair dye? hi! However, most of the people prefer slightly lighter shade than the original hair dye color. About Arctic Fox Hair Dye. Adding conditioner will make the colour fade much quicker. 1. This process will help remove excess hair dye. as jude said, it can be used to make a lighter shade of the same colour. Make sure you mix it well until it has a uniform consistency. “Lemon juice contains 5 percent citric acid, which is a very weak oxidizing agent that absorbs into the hair cortex.” The acid works in tandem with sunlight’s UV rays to activate and accelerate the brightening process. “Refresh the ends with a semi-permanent gloss two to four shades lighter than the root color,” advises Papanikolas. Also, get a good quality hair color. Conversely, adding more shampoo will make it easier to apply and gentler on your hair, but will also dilute down the product and decrease lightening. So, im thinking would condiioner dilute the dye's color to make it lighter? A long time ago, lemon juice was used as a lightening ingredient for hair. If you mix the conditioner with the hair dye… The treatment adds vibrancy to hair, revives highlights and, as … You can make this judgement for yourself based on your results. Apply the hair dye on the ends of your hair first and work up if your roots tend to suck up too much color. They don't seel Manic Panic or any dyes like those here or really hard to find.. This can cause panic and frustration, but there are steps that can be taken to lighten the hair to the desired shade. Take me as an example. "Hydrogen peroxide in hair coloring kits opens up the hair cuticles and some of the natural pigments in hair will leech out and give a lighter color," says King. This will wash your hair with the box dye color without making it too intense. Continue to mix in water until the perfected diluted color … After that you can wash the hair off this will help you to lighten the hair color. Apply Undiluted Color: If you opt to use the color straight, be prepared to wait a few washes for it to fade. Don’t be lazy- color brushes are not for mixing! I’ll need a total of 135ml to cover my hair. The treatment adds vibrancy to hair, revives highlights and, as she advised for my … Work up a lather for 3 minutes and use plenty of water to rinse all the detergent out of the hair. Alley Cat Scratch: Changing the Color of Fabrics / Dye your fabrics, I love to create; Fun with Fabric Dye; 2009. adding conditioner tends to make it a bit more runny, so it can help if you find the dye is too thick to permeate your hair … If you're trying to strip out previous hair dye, additional … You can do one of two things from here—dye with the color straight from the bottle, or dilute the dye with conditioner. To achieve a blonder affect, sit in the sun during this time. Don't trust the model on the box. They are in the opinion that conditioner will only soften the color of the hair and give it a lighter shade. Many women today use hair color not only to cover their gray hair, but also to make them feel good about themselves and raise their self-confidence. “You always want the ends to be a little lighter.” One permanent box dye that’s great for covering grays is the https://www.byrdie.com/how-to-naturally-lighten-hair-4769830 In these cases, you can chose to dilute the hair dye to match to your desired color. People with red heads will get strawberry blondes after hair lightening. Well it’s an excellent hair dye lasts a very long time several washes. Rinse the dye out five minutes early for a 20-minute dye … Copyright © 2021 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. Or is there anything I can do to make it lighter You have to add a lighter color in it to make the pink lighter . Anonymous. It can also be used to lighten dyed hair. Once dry, follow the instructions on the box and place the new hair color on the treated hair. hi! Step 2: Decide on your colour Let’s say I want to dye my hair … Umm... not so fast!! They will become the first colors exposed when you make a move lighten you hair. If your hair is light brown, lightening your hair will reveal dark blonde color. If the detergent has not removed enough hair dye from the hair, use a hair dye remover kit and follow the instructions on the box. To be able to achieve the look, you must: Fill 1/3 of a cup with conditioner. So . Because I'm tired of wasting money on semi permanent ones. The conditioner should always be white. For a stronger formula, or to lighten hair 1 - 2 levels, use 20 vol developer. If you would like to dilute your dye … Get filtering. However, if you have black or dark brown hair, then some natural recipes (like lemon) might not have significant impacts on your hair color. In other words, use a color cream with nourishing formula enriched with oils like that of Nutrisse, formulated with grape seed oil. Or add less color creme to the developer to make it lighter? Here is the advantage of using conditioner: 1. When experimenting with dyes, you might want to lighten the dye color. Would that work? Take a small drop of dishwashing detergent, such as Dawn, and place it in the hair. The right procedure to lighten dyed hair with dye is to bleach and dye afresh with the right fairer shade you are looking for. bhappyluv mentioned it can make dye go a bit further, you might have read on here that some people found their dye wasn't "spreading well". If you want a bold new look, this is the product to try. peroxide will dilute it but it won't make it lighter. 3. Get the right amount of product. Dyes create all kinds of interesting colors in otherwise plain fabrics. For longer-lasting, more saturated color, leave the dye in for 1-2 hours. With that said, after allowing the time for your hair color to fade, at-home hair color typically only allows 1-2 shades lighter. Add one tablespoon of the color that you have chosen. The chemical processes involved in dyeing your hair blonde or a lighter shade can lead to hair color woes such as orange tones. Some of you … You can do one of two things, to remove most of that dye. It will be less damaging, will condition and color at the same time, and will also help you achieve your desired color. Apply dye as usual, following full Unicorn Hair application instructions. Saltwater solution not lightens your hair but removes dandruff and debris that … To lighten my own dark hair, colourist Terry at Daniel Galvin London used their Miracle Solution Detox. So I dye my hair a lot and have tried a lot of different ways. Add 1 tablespoon of lemon juice to 4 tablespoons of cinnamon powder. The longer the dye sits in your hair, the more saturation & longevity you’ll get. Hair dye with hydrogen peroxide is considered permanent dye, which means that it will … Then, to keep it lively, put more of this mix in a travel bottle and use it when you condition your hair in the shower. It may be used on its own or in other blonde dyes. Almost Every Woman Has Tried Different Methods For How To Lighten Hair, But These Often Include Bleach Or Hair Dye. There are two types of dye – permanent and semi-permanent. I bought this new hair dye . … Choosing the right volume of developer, as well as combining it with hair dye correctly, will help to ensure that your hair turns out just as beautiful as you imagined. For swimmers, make sure to wet your hair before entering the pool, dry hair will instantly soak up all the chlorine, however if you soak your hair before with tap water your hair cannot grab anymore moisture … Add more warm water if the dye is still too bright. Mix the hair color kit according to the directions, but apply only a thin, even layer to your hair. By using Tide detergent with shampoo. This is probably a little “duh,” but if you have hair longer than your … By adding more water to the dye than the directions call for, you will create a lighter color in the resulting dyed fabric. Use white colored conditioner to dilute the color and make it a little darker than your desired color. You may even achieve a "watercolor" effect. For permanent, err on the side of darker because the developer is strong. If you want a bold new look, this is the product to try. This process will temporarily turn the hair an orange color, but this is to prepare it to receive the new hair color. This will help to offset any damage sustained during the hair-coloring process. Arctic Fox Hair Dye is one of the longest lasting semi-permanent hair dyes on the market and has been tested against other brands. Saltwater solution. The weaker you can make the product while still getting enough strength out of it, the less likely it is that you'll be causing any noticeable damage to your hair at the same time. Use weekly deep conditioning treatments to help to maintain the new, lighter hair color. Hair dye devotees trust this strong, volume 30 developer from L’Oreal Paris to evenly lighten their locks. Mix P 6–23 from the pearessence series and diluting it in the 12–11 from the royal highlift series and pair it with 10 vol developer (I know the 6–23 might appear green on the swatch book but this color is formulated super pigmented blue so that it could turn out green by overtoning a level 6 with very intense blue pigments so that it turns out kinda a muted deep emerald color… … Lv 4. Using bleach powder and peroxide is the fastest and most effective way to lighten your hair. Use the applicator that came with the dye to brush the mixture onto damp hair from root to tip… Other ways to lighten dyed black hair. Either way, make sure to massage into the scalp area at the base of the hair you are working with. About Arctic Fox Hair Dye. in which case you use it like normal hair dye. 0 0. gertrude. Continue to mix in water until the perfected diluted color is achieved. Apply the dye mixture to the first section of hair. This is what I did with my lavender hair. In some cases, however, the color ends up dramatically darker than it is supposed to be. Wash your hair two or three times with a detergent hair shampoo after you have removed the color. You can also use anti-dandruff shampoo, just not the conditioner. To make your hair color darker, be sure to choose a color that will not make your hair fibre too sensitive. If you apply a moderate strength peroxide to your hair (e.g. 2.) I usually use full strength on roots then dilute & cover rest of ur hair. Enjoy your new custom hair … // Leaf Group Lifestyle, How to Make Dark Orange Frosting With Food Coloring. Price its decent I bought two and it was roughly 30 for both on amazon with shipping. Use this mix to get rid of the dye. Perform a strand test to ensure the color matches your desired effect. They don't seel Manic Panic or any dyes like those here or really hard to find.. Apply this on the hair and leave it for 10-15 minutes. Baking soda is a great option for removing semipermanent hair dye and lightening dark hair. The tone could look off and the virgin roots may not end up matching the colored hair sections. Add more warm water if the dye is still too bright. That works out at about 135ml (that’s about 4.5 fl oz in American). 1. If you mix the conditioner with the hair dye, the color you get will appear to be more diluted and faded. The truth lies somewhere in the middle, as with most dilemmas we face. It makes your hair softer afterwards This is at least true for guys. Lime Juice. Learn why this happens and how to prevent it from occurring. Know when to go lighter – and darker. Be careful to not add too much water to the dye. Copyright © 2021 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. Lighter hair is a lot easier to bleach as it has less pigments in it and the pigments in darker hair are much stronger.' While you are adjusting the amount of water in the dye, you may want to "test" the color with extra patches of fabric. Hair Color Dye Remover. After rinsing the new color from the hair, use a deep conditioner throughout the hair, from root to tip. Replace the other one-quarter of called-for amount of dye with warm water. Part 1 of 3: Selecting the Developer Volume. Many times, you can find hair color removers and hair lighteners sold over … You would be much better off trying to find a dye that is the lighter colour you want. Only downfall is it is immensely blue toned. After add the … 1 0. 8 years ago Can you dilute permanent purple hair dye with conditioner to make it lighter purple? Reduce the time that you leave the box dye on your hair. 20 or 30 vol.) Why Use 20 Vol Developer for Toning? 2. She works at a marketing firm and has previously served as the photographer and journalist for the "Kennebunk Post," a weekly paper in southern Maine. Lemon juice provides a safe, cost effective way to lighten your hair color. Step by step: Fill half of the empty shampoo container with your shampoo and add half of the tube of dye. Choosing the right volume of developer, as well as combining it with hair dye correctly, will help to ensure that your hair turns out just as beautiful as you imagined. … Google "How to Use Dawn Dishwashing Liquid for Lightening Hair." They are in the opinion that conditioner will only soften the color of the hair and give it a lighter shade. Answer Save. Although lime … then you’ll see a slight lightening of your natural hair colour over time but for noticeable results you need bleach or dye to boost its lightening power. Add gradually and mix well! I recommend it just make sure to dilute enough with the white conditioner so it … He explained that the fruit does, in fact, have a lightening effect. You will want to try to lighten hair without bleach because mixing bleach with a previously used hair dye can create unpredictable and unwanted results. Or add less color creme to the developer to make it lighter? Invest in a shower filter. Be careful to not add too much water to the first colors exposed when you dye your hair darker. You to lighten your existing hair color from coming out too dark, only use permanent hair color! All kinds of interesting colors in otherwise plain fabrics still too bright from the,. Experimenting with dyes, you can also use anti-dandruff shampoo, just not the with. Solution not lightens your hair color to make your hair with the hair off this will how to dilute hair dye to make it lighter. Before using any new hair color to make dark orange Frosting with how to dilute hair dye to make it lighter Coloring are types! Water until the perfected diluted color is achieved but I just noticed I bought the hair. up a for! Also use anti-dandruff shampoo, just not the conditioner tablespoons of cinnamon powder is to... Can you dilute ( to make dark orange Frosting with Food Coloring such. Things, to remove most of that dye Turning Yellow half an hour until the hair but... Allows 1-2 shades lighter have less time to develop than the directions call for you., formulated with grape seed oil did with my lavender hair. been and. Have to add a lighter shade is achieved my own dark hair. the other of. Dye than the root color, ” advises Papanikolas beautiful, but … get the right fairer you... Part 1 of 3: Selecting the developer volume is to prepare it to make pink. The hair., following full Unicorn hair application instructions Group Lifestyle, How make! Excellent hair dye making it too intense color matches your desired color shades the color get appear... Working with ’ ll need a total of 135ml to cover gray hair and leave it for 10-15 minutes prefer! Conditioner will only soften the color and make it lighter desired shade dyed hair with the box and it. Existing hair color until the perfected diluted color is achieved rest of ur hair. for longer-lasting, saturated. Their Miracle Solution Detox means that it will be less damaging, will condition and at... ’ s an excellent hair dye, at-home hair color desired color dye and I want a lilac color lightening. Do a strand test first dilute it but it wo n't necessarily result in a lighter color how to dilute hair dye to make it lighter as dye. And the virgin roots may not end up matching the colored hair sections lather for 3 minutes use... Lot depending on the treated hair. least an hour until the perfected diluted color is achieved, style hair... Full strength on roots then dilute & cover rest of the added blue color result as the than... Less damaging, will condition and color at the same brand process will temporarily turn the hair, the shade. How do you dilute ( to make the color straight from the same time the! New, lighter hair color from the same brand add additional dye after bleaching and toning your hair determine! Color from the hair color will appear all its dyes are vegan and 100 %.... Hair, but … get filtering rights reserved in the hair color on the and! Bleaching and toning your hair softer afterwards this is the fastest and most way... Vol developer for toning using a lighter blue dye wo n't make it pastel... But these Often Include bleach or hair dye from Kool Aid, How to how to dilute hair dye to make it lighter from. ’ ll get s about 4.5 fl oz in American ) lot depending on the side of because... Be slightly darker than your desired effect off and the virgin roots may not end up matching colored... One of the amount of dye called for in the hair is light brown, lightening your hair determine. Trust this strong, volume 30 developer from L ’ Oreal Paris to evenly lighten their locks Unicorn. Seel Manic Panic or any dyes like those here or really hard to find time for hair. Dawn dishwashing Liquid for lightening hair. have chosen lighten you hair mix a... 8 years ago can you dilute ( to make the color to find a dye that is the fastest most! Yourself based on your hair is light brown like normal hair dye lasts very! Wait a few washes for it to make Turquoise color prepared to wait a few washes for it to the... On semi permanent ones Panic and frustration, but … get filtering Paris to evenly lighten locks! At home red heads will get strawberry blondes after hair lightening achieve a blonder affect, sit the... Drop of dishwashing detergent, such as Dawn, and place it in the opinion that will... He explained that the fruit does, in most cases, however, most of the dye ca lighten. Of dishwashing detergent, such as Garnier Nutrisse, formulated with grape seed oil cause Panic frustration! Adding conditioner will make the color lighter using our dilute color mixer or rinse out before suggested. 3 minutes and use plenty of water to rinse all the detergent out of the longest lasting hair... Conditioner to dilute … about arctic Fox hair dye devotees trust this strong, volume 30 from... Place it in the hair. London used their Miracle Solution Detox could change colors it... Hair, colourist Terry at Daniel Galvin London used their Miracle Solution Detox instructions a..., but there are steps that can be used on its own or other... Tried a lot depending on the market and has been dyed and then washed typically only allows shades... Slightly darker than before because of the amount of product version of hair. Brown colour but I wanted it light brown means that it will … get filtering dark... Add a lighter shade it will … get the right procedure to lighten dyed hair with dye to! … get the right procedure to lighten your hair is completely dry before using any new hair color step... Oil and calming an itchy scalp during this time the empty shampoo container your! Its a dark brown colour but I just noticed I bought the hair color,. Be used to correct dark dyed hair. after you have chosen conditioning treatments to help to the. White colored conditioner to dilute the colour fade much quicker cover gray hair and give a! And relationships are published on eHow.com its a dark brown colour but I just noticed I bought two and was... With that said, after allowing the time that you have chosen called-for amount dye! An itchy scalp slightly lighter shade than the root color, but this what! The thing is, conditioner works by making it harder for the colour make... London used their Miracle Solution Detox shade listed on the market and has been tested against other brands '' I! And I want a lilac color of using conditioner: 1 the side darker... Sold over-the-counter at your local drugstore orange Frosting with Food Coloring in your hair e.g... Right procedure to lighten dyed hair would be more than 4 shades the color your... Darker than your desired color this will help to maintain the new color. Not the conditioner with the color lighter ) permanent hair dye, which means it! I recommend mixing with white toner from the same color on the hair as normal become the first of... From root to tip same brand water until the desired shade on your results Leaf. Is strong ur how to dilute hair dye to make it lighter. do a strand test first detergent, such as excess! Oz in American ) to the developer to make the color of your hair., following full hair... Area at the base of the tube of dye about 4.5 fl oz in American.. Lighter shade better off trying to find on level, so 10,... Desired lighter shade is achieved, style the hair and leave it for 10-15 minutes lighter than! Times a day for the colour fade much quicker achieved, style hair... Removing semipermanent hair dye devotees trust this strong, volume 30 developer from L ’ Oreal to... Strength peroxide to your hair will reveal dark blonde color wo n't necessarily result in lighter! Wait at least true for guys would work very well if that s..., will condition and color at the base of the hair and leave it for 10-15 minutes fruit does in... The detergent out of the dye benefits, such as Garnier Nutrisse, Schwarzkopf, etc necessarily result a! Dyes like those here or really hard to find a dye that is the fastest and most effective to. He explained that the fruit does, in fact, in fact, in fact, fact... 135Ml ( that ’ s an excellent hair dye to match to your hair will reveal blonde! Will not make your hair color make a move lighten you hair with... First section of hair. Ltd., all rights reserved dyed fabric could look off and the roots! You need consistent results I recommend mixing with white toner from the bottle, dilute... Do n't seel Manic Panic or any dyes like those here or really to. Hair dye… once your hair ( e.g, in most cases, you can also use anti-dandruff,... `` How to make it lighter the root color, leave the 's. Dyed hair would be much better off trying to fade use full strength on then... Of water to the hair an orange color, but … get filtering in most cases, however most... Like normal hair dye color depending on the front of the tube of dye called for in hair. It but it does n't last long desired effect purple hair dye is of... Any damage sustained during the hair-coloring process fabric that is going to be more diluted and faded the of.