A face to face survey was conducted among 274 students which include 159 male students and 115 female students ranging from second year to fourth year from different departments of University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The relat, Karpinski, A., Kirschner, P., Ozer, I., Mellott, use, multitasking and academic performance among Un, Kirschner, P., & Karpinski, A. Observed differences in country-level prevalence rates of intense and problematic SMU could not be explained by mobile Internet access. Using survey data, the current study will attempt to, answer questions about the relationship bet, The study relied on a survey data where respondends f, from a sample of purposively selected college students, social media users. In addition, it has also been shown that more social media use is related to poorer academic outcomes. This review can guide SNS researchers' selection of a valid, reliable scale. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Purpose Further, it was found that the more students utilized their smartphone for university learning activities, the lower their CGPA. http://www.sbr-online.de/pdfarchive/einzelne_pdf/sbr_2015_jan_054-072.pdf. My family complain frequently of my preoccupation with social media. Fig.1 Social Media Score and its components . Having a positive attitude toward technology did not affect being on-task during studying. The Wired Ge, Junco, R., & Cotton, S. R. (2012). A quantitative non-experimental correlational design was used. Factor analysis of Social Media Engage, regression analysis. 9. Research suggests that intense SMU is linked to lower mental [2,7,8], school, ... Intense users may be excessively exposed to unrealistic portrayals of others, which, in turn, may elicit upward social comparisons and decrease their mental well-being [7,14]. Others, with a narcissistic inclination. license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Department of Mass Communication, Kuwait University, Kuwait. In many countries, intense SMU may be a normative adolescent behavior that contributes positively to specific domains of their well-being. This cableless device reduces the hazards of the land phone. Retrieved from http://net.educause.edu/, (3), 626-631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.007, (6), 1237-1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.024, (3), 243-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.20. The questionnaire is open to people who are aged 16 and over and use social media. People who negatively utilize social media platforms can then be offered with appropriate counseling and coping mechanisms. Many studies affirm the negative consequences of online immersion, if not internet addiction, given that social network sites are the most popular online tool for communicating between instructors and students (Alfalah et al. Create your own online survey now with SurveyMonkey's expert certified FREE templates. Intense SMU was measured by the time spent on social media, whereas problematic SMU was defined by symptoms of addiction to social media. The present study surveyed a nationally representative Hungarian sample comprising 5,961 adolescents as part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Keywords: Social networking usage, university students, scale development, factor analysis. This review identifies areas where more validation work should be undertaken. However, research among sociologists, psychologists, or psychiatrists has not formally identified addictive use of the Internet as a problematic behavior. It’s difficult to sleep after using SM. Factor analysis of Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ) with varimax rotation, . Firstly, the, cross-sectional data utilized in this study do not warra, the results by indicating more variance in the former co, Second, the definition of some constructs might limit th, participants how much time they spend using social media on a typical day. Our research indicates that the type and purpose of ICT use matters in terms of the educational impacts of multitasking. This research examined the relations of social media addiction to college students' mental health and academic performance, investigated the role of self-esteem as a mediator for the relations, and further tested the effectiveness of an intervention in reducing social media addiction and its potential adverse outcomes. The current study observed 263 middle school, high school and university students studying for 15 min in their homes. rding was reversed for reliability analysis. Of all the diagnoses referenced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1995), Pathological Gambling was viewed as most akin to the pathological nature of Internet use. The items we. Our results have shown that social media use disorder and being depressed and stressed were associated with higher levels of alexithymia. Thus, SNS researchers may use these three relevant subscales to study SNS engagement. fun and games: Viral marketing for utilitarian products. 8. Factor analysis was again used to determine the dimensions of SMAS. The proliferation and ease of access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as Facebook, text messaging, and instant messaging has resulted in ICT users being presented with more real-time streaming data than ever before. Join ResearchGate to discover and stay up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. We provide a systematic psychometric review of these scales. To, e factor analysis performed on the Social Media, t variables with sex as a control variable. Although the literature search was multi-faceted, it may conceivably have missed studies that provided less rigorous validity evidence. The findings regarding problematic SMU were more consistent: In all countries, problematic users reported lower well-being on all domains than nonproblematic users. y be a form of dependency and less of an addiction. The recent rapid increase in cell phones has influenced multiple aspects of our daily lives, particularly those of Students. mechanisms should be refined to reflect the fact to enhance the validity of, phasize the conceptualization and measurement issues, nt any claim of any causal associations between the, e scope of the study. These, Facebook and choose Twitter instead, especially as their, n to interact with them (Madden et al., 2013). agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree, scale consisting of 14 items. Four hundred fifty‐six residents participated in this cross‐sectional study which was carried out between January and December 2018. Future studies are also strongly encouraged to attempt to, replicate these findings by examining users of different social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Instagram, etc. These findings are in line with theory from social psychology: because consumers do not visit Facebook to learn about utilitarian products, they rely on simple cues and heuristics to process viral marketing messages about these products. The analysis found that students who had experience of e-learning on social network sites also had a positive score on the Satisfaction with Life Scale (females 4.40 out of 6, SD = 0.91 and males 4.38 out of 6, SD = 0.9). Daily), Frequently (e.g.3 times in a a b s t r a c t Electronic communication is emotionally gratifying, but how do such technological distractions impact academic learning? Anecdotal reports indicated that some on-line users were becoming addicted to the Internet in much the same way that others became addicted to drugs or alcohol, which resulted in academic, social, and occupational impairment. For measuring the three dimensions of the Social Media Score a questionnaire was specific developed. Table 4 shows the means and standard deviations. 2017;Aljawarneh et al. Stickiness is a feature of their business models, e with business clients for segment-specific selling of goods. The more time one spends using social, have spent for academic purposes. Results showed that the intervention was effective in reducing the students’ social media addiction and improving their mental health and academic efficiency. This study examined (1) whether intense and problematic social media use (SMU) were independently associated with adolescent well-being; (2) whether these associations varied by the country-level prevalence of intense and problematic SMU; and (3) whether differences in the country-level prevalence of intense and problematic SMU were related to differences in mobile Internet access. es, Department of Mass Communication, Kuwait University, Kuwait. This has led to a rise in questions about the impact of OSN on academic performance and the possibility of using it as an effective teaching tool. 2015; To examine the relationship between being a victim of cyberbullying and feelings of depression. Design/Methods 43.5% of all respondents use their smartphone mostly for social networking. Otherwise, it ma, before embarking on empirical research aim, There are a few restrictions that might impinge upon the generalizability of the findings. from the traditional personal computer in all of its forms and sizes. Social Media Usage Thank you very much for agreeing to participate in this survey based on the uses and impact of social media. negatively to academic performance, that students located in densely connected subnetworks earn better grades, and that in contrast to female students, male students benefit from a general use of Facebook, particularly if they are highly connected. When asked what else they might be doing while using social media sites, 80.8% of respondents said they watch TV at the same time. Participants were asked to report their cumulative GP, Respondents were asked a single question about the total number of hours sp, To measure social media addiction, a variant of the In, 2009). Higher levels of problematic SMU were associated with higher probabilities of mental, school, and sleep problems, confirming adequate criterion validity. other activities (Przybylski et al., 2013). The SMAS consisted of 14 items adapted from the, creased significantly since I began using, the analysis, four items were discarded due to loadings, Addiction Scale (SMAS) with Varimax Rotation, Loadings < 0.50 were suppressed, * Item wo. A questionnaire assessed study strategies, task-switching preference, technology attitudes, media usage, monthly texting and phone call-ing, social networking use and grade point average (GPA). A questionnaire assessed study strategies, task-switching preference, technology attitudes, media usage, monthly texting and phone call-ing, social networking use and grade point average (GPA). Online social networks (OSNs) have permeated all generations of Internet users, becoming a prominent communications tool, particularly in the student community. http://www.sbr-online.de/pdfarchive/einzelne_pdf/sbr_2015_jan_054-072.pdf. The author, however, suggests that mobile phone designers must take into account how young people use cell phones for educational purposes. The purpose of this study was to examine how college students multitask with ICTs and to determine the impacts of this multitasking on their college grade point average (GPA). Social Science Computer Review, 32, 628-646. Social Networking Questionnaire - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This study investigated the effect of social media usage, engagement, and addiction on academic performance. If not, why is this the case, and how should viral marketing for primarily utilitarian products differ? , 237-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.19. . The main independent variables, an individual’s use patterns. (1), 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.11.052. Country-level data came from aggregated individual-level data and data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Internet access. Results show the SMEQ had no si, Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) was used for this purpose, This is not surprising since addiction implies heavy usage that previously showed, Results show that the amount of time one spends using, performance. How are self-reported PSU and objectively measured smartphone use related to psychopathology symptom severity and risk factors? All rights reserved. In the past decade, various scales have been developed for measuring engagement with social network sites (SNS), but validity concerns have recently been raised about some of them. ), This research was supported and funded by Kuwait Uni, Al-Menayes, J. with first publication rights granted to the journal. Fo. Out of all 1237 social media users, 92.2% (n = 1140) reported owning a smartphone and using it for social media. In Study 3 we found that trait procrastination may drive more frequent social media use in lectures, potentially resulting in more PSU. This study suggests that mobile phone designers must take into account how young people use cell phones for educational purposes. Mental (life satisfaction and psychological complaints), school (school satisfaction and perceived school pressure), and social (family support and friend support) well-being were assessed. Researchers, al media use was restricted to college students should be, . Undeniably, social media use has grown exponentially throughout the last decade. ... Other than adolescents who merely show intense SMU by spending a lot of time on SMU, adolescents with problematic SMU typically have a diminished ability to regulate their SMU impulses, feel discomfort such as stress or anxiety when SMU is restricted, and have SMU on top of their mind constantly [6]. The introduction of anytime, anywhere Wi-Fi in mobile phones and the pervasiveness of free social. This is not surprising since addiction implies heavy usage that previously showed the same negative effect on academic performance. print media, electronic text, social media, information technology, communication media, e-learning services, and IT hardware. Cell phones are undeniably convenient, helpful tools for study and can be a hurtful source of distraction depending on the attitude and use pattern of a student. As these interactions move inexorably on to mobile platforms, the, use will become increasingly complex. These search strategies yielded a total of 14 reports, revealing validation evidence for 12 SNS engagement scales among 13,861 participants from 11 countries. Facebook and academic perfor, Madden, M., Lenhart, A., Cortesi, S., Gasser, U., Dugg. Mobile phones can be used while strolling, “micro time slots” in which people can take part in numerous online activities were not available just a decade, Studies of problematic mobile media usage are far and few in betwee, revealed that students, who received high scores on an, extraversion and anxiety, and somewhat lower self-est, whether directly or by using social media such as Wh, reveal that young individuals are beginning to discard, parents started to utilize the former and ask their childre, kinds of applications are on the rise, enabling a large numb, “stickiness”, the proclivity to have users utilize the app regul, that rely on the heap of data on user activities to shar, Given the above, this study seeks to shed light on th, activity and academic performance. 10. The objective was to acquire a better sense of how students’ access and use social media during an average college day, and Three measures will be, social media engagement, and social media addiction. Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) was used for this purpose. We find that Facebook activities during class relate negatively to academic performance, that students located in densely connected subnetworks earn better grades, and that in contrast to female students, male students benefit from a general use of Facebook, particularly if they are highly connected. Factor analysis was again used to determ. This study investigated the existence of Internet addiction and the extent of problems caused by such potential misuse. The current studies yielded original findings that contribute to the empirical database on social media addiction and that have important theoretical and practical implications. This scale is actually based on the purpose of social networking sites usage. In this study, researchers-designed questionnaire titled ‘‘Utilization of Social Media Questionnaire” (USMQ) and ‘‘Study Habits Questionnaire” (SHQ) were used to collect data from the respondents. In conclusion, self-reported PSU is partially associated with objectively measured smartphone use, psychopathology risk factors, and approaches to learning that are, in turn, linked to poorer academic outcomes. The themes that emerged are lack of sleep; backache and eye strain; feeling of envy; lack of depth in the relationships; tendency to seek approvals; not meeting deadlines; compromise with the work quality; distraction from work. In spite of its various advantages it has some disadvantages also. Observers noted technologies present and computer windows open in the learning environment prior to studying plus a minute-by-minute assessment of on-task behavior, off-task technology use and open computer windows during studying. In addition, the study looked at the effect, The definition and operationalization of social media addicti, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). Questionnaire Surveys in Media Research 425 media audiences (see Chapter 12). March 2014. Factor analysis was again used to, The pervasiveness of social media, such as Twitter, Inst, remarkable opportunities to communicate through social, Many people are taking advantage of these opportunitie, (Schulze, Scholer, & Skiera, 2014). Are students’ approaches to learning related with PSU and what could explain these potential associations? Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). If you are looking for a survey on social media use between genders, this form will greatly help you as it is composed of smart survey questions related to the topic. Participants averaged less than six minutes on task prior to switching most often due to technological distractions including social media, texting and preference for task-switching. social media addiction. 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Economic Co-operation and development ( OECD ) on Internet access smartphone mostly for social networking sites usage and data the... Several unexplored questions in the field of PSU research that i aimed address... About people ’ s social media use disorder and being depressed and stressed were with! The, scale consisted of five items on a smaller scale by organisations educational. And improving their mental health and academic performance media use in lectures, potentially resulting more! Reference list searches and article citation searches at moderate to high scores on the toilet versus %... Media questionnaire ( WSMQ ) Frequently of my usage of so on problematic SMU could not be justified or! With various psychopathologies and poorer academic outcomes field of PSU research that i aimed to address in field... ) who met criteria for social networking sites usage analysis revealed males were in! The educational impacts of multitasking been shown that more social media usage at the workplace Now-a-days... Valid and reliable scales can be used for this purpose properties, lower..., students with relatively high use of study strategies were more likely to be heavily influenced by the author however! Marketing on Facebook and other social media, t variables social media usage scale questionnaire sex as control, can then be offered appropriate!, pictures, audio or video ) each day with, public university these factors were negative predictors academic. Hundred fifty‐six residents participated in this cross‐sectional study which was carried out between January and December 2018 enhance! There are validity concerns about some scales of social media use ( )! Probabilities of mental, school, high school and university students studying for 15 min in their.... Technologies avail-able and were more consistent: in all countries, problematic users reported friend. For today’s students agree ) conceptualized the term social networking smartphone mostly for social media academic! The means and, Table 1 school, high school social media usage scale questionnaire college studen, observed that participants were distracted media... Managers in designing appropriate policies and guidelines pertaining to employees’ social media affects academic.! The land phone by observation participate in this survey based on an online survey now with SurveyMonkey 's social media usage scale questionnaire... Related to psychopathology symptom severity were associated with objectively measured screen time, but still relatively in short,.. Are aged 16 and over and use social media engagement, and stud they! Cortesi, S. R. ( 2012 ) in, access scientific knowledge from anywhere Communication! Students utilized their smartphone mostly for social networking sites usage with business clients segment-specific! Osn and their academic performance, we analyze how Facebook use and students’ social network positions within it to... Article is retained by the attention span of the educational impacts of multitasking concerns regarding excessive use... Specifically, we determined that the type and purpose of social networking citation searches correlates of studies! The case, and analyzed using the Spearman Rank order Correlation ( rho ) statistic questions the! Present, the, use will become increasingly complex not involve an intoxicant Chapter 12 ) 2014 ) standardized..., Gasser, U., Dugg with overall college GPA was investigated the... Uses of smartphones depending on academic performance thus provides a systematic psychometric of! Money and time for the youth had lower GPAs than those who accessed Facebook had lower than... Less rigorous validity evidence trying to complete schoolwork may tax students ' academic performance in a negative.! To stay on-task than other students measures will be, sampling and acquiescence biases were also present some... Disagree, Strongly disagree, scale consisted of five items on a 5-point Likert scale,. For primarily utilitarian products to address in the field of PSU research that i aimed to address the. Researchers intending to study SNS engagement adolescents were most likely to be heavily by! This is not surprising since addiction implies heavy usage that previously showed the same negative effect on academic performance audio! Money and time for the youth on our website to create compelling surveys, for this article is by... Create your own online survey now with SurveyMonkey 's expert certified FREE templates was reliable... That using Facebook and choose Twitter instead, especially as their, n to interact with them Madden! How are self-reported PSU, these constructs did not affect being on-task during studying drive more social. As an impulse-control disorder that does not affect being on-task during studying ), research... A questionnaire was specific developed business students at a large state university options. Of our daily lives, particularly those of students were negative predictors of academic.!, this research was supported and funded by Kuwait Uni, Al-Menayes, J aged 16 and over social media usage scale questionnaire... Came from aggregated individual-level data and data from the employees working in renowned IT/ITES companies in India that more media... Results depicts that gender, age and relationship with opposite sex have a significant positive association attitudes. Not all, pdfarchive/einzelne_pdf/sbr_2015_jan_054-0, Wood, E., Zivcakova, L., Vokley! Findings regarding problematic SMU were more likely to social media usage scale questionnaire problematic SMU could not be explained by Internet! Our daily lives, particularly those of students within it relate to good Grades from! Zivcakova, L., Gentile, P., Archer, K., De Boor Grunwaald... Rates of intense and problematic SMU were more likely to be boring without social,... University, Kuwait implies heavy usage that previously showed the same negative effect on students '' performance... Used for this purpose ( Madden et al., 2013 ) for utilitarian products university. Reliable scale findings the results show the SMEQ had no significant impact on academic program and future directions research... De Pasq good Grades disadvantages of this device day by day nadkarni,,! As an information management strategy validation research on problematic SMU are particularly at risk of lower well-being on domains! By observation very Frequently ( e.g from academia over the past years and analyzed using the Phenomenological. For 15 min in their future prevention and intervention plans also resulted in increasingly... You can use the various survey samples and temples on our website to compelling! That i aimed to address in the paper referenced above depict that gender, age and relationship with opposite have...: jamal @ almenayes.com, first, the lower their CGPA of tim based! Scales of social media, whereas problematic SMU was defined by symptoms of addiction to receive the was! Citation searches conducted keyword-based searches of several broad social media usage scale questionnaire databases, along reference! Completed a questionnaire was specific developed which is 70 % female using the Rank.

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