[183] The Macedonian phalanx, armed with the sarissa, a spear 6 metres (20 ft) long, had been developed and perfected by Philip II through rigorous training, and Alexander used its speed and manoeuvrability to great effect against larger but more disparate[clarification needed] Persian forces. [254] For example, Greek astronomical instruments dating to the 3rd century BC were found in the Greco-Bactrian city of Ai Khanoum in modern-day Afghanistan,[255] while the Greek concept of a spherical earth surrounded by the spheres of planets eventually supplanted the long-standing Indian cosmological belief of a disc consisting of four continents grouped around a central mountain (Mount Meru) like the petals of a flower. You haven't added a professional summary yet. Shahi Sikander-e-Azam Capsule is a unique product built from the world’s most effective herbs to enhance stamina, pleasure, confidence and strength of a man. [185] Alexander placed the phalanx at the center and cavalry and archers on the wings, so that his line matched the length of the Persian cavalry line, about 3 km (1.86 mi). [161][162] According to Aelian, a seer called Aristander foretold that the land where Alexander was laid to rest "would be happy and unvanquishable forever". causing the mermaid to vanish and the sea to calm. Philip was then named Hegemon (often translated as "Supreme Commander") of this league (known by modern scholars as the League of Corinth), and announced his plans to attack the Persian Empire. [144] Another theory is that his successors wilfully or erroneously misheard "tôi Kraterôi"—"to Craterus", the general leading his Macedonian troops home and newly entrusted with the regency of Macedonia. [65][66], Taking over the invasion project of Philip II, Alexander's army crossed the Hellespont in 334 BC with approximately 48,100 soldiers, 6,100 cavalry and a fleet of 120 ships with crews numbering 38,000,[59] drawn from Macedon and various Greek city-states, mercenaries, and feudally raised soldiers from Thrace, Paionia, and Illyria. His chroniclers recorded valuable information about the areas through which he marched, while the Greeks themselves got a sense of belonging to a world beyond the Mediterranean. By the time of his death, he had conquered the entire. [282], In Greek Anthology there are poems referring to Alexander.[283][284]. A- Sikandar-E-Azam Plus capsules is a natural herbal formula for erection and virility enhancement that promotes erectile length, girth, and strength, as well as overall sexual vigor and function.It gives strength to body to resist any disease. ", "Was Alexander The Great Poisoned By Toxic Wine? At the time of his death, Alexander's empire covered some 5,200,000 km2 (2,000,000 sq mi),[235] and was the largest state of its time. [41] However, it appears Philip never intended to disown his politically and militarily trained son. [19], Mieza was like a boarding school for Alexander and the children of Macedonian nobles, such as Ptolemy, Hephaistion, and Cassander. [186], At Issus in 333 BC, his first confrontation with Darius, he used the same deployment, and again the central phalanx pushed through. However, Alexander met with resistance at Gaza. [190], Historian and Egyptologist Joann Fletcher has said that the Alexander had blond hair. [106][238] The first, and greatest, was Alexandria in Egypt, which would become one of the leading Mediterranean cities. This culminated in his aspiration to homogenize the populations of Asia and Europe. We can say it the biography of … [33] At Corinth, Philip established a "Hellenic Alliance" (modelled on the old anti-Persian alliance of the Greco-Persian Wars), which included most Greek city-states except Sparta. Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20. Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, §7.20- Greek, Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, §7.20- English, "The Mughal Sikander: Influence of the Romance of Alexander on Mughal Manuscript Painting", "Quintus Curtius Rufus, History of Alexander the Great", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_the_Great&oldid=999520765, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Articles containing Persian-language text, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with BALaT identifiers, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TePapa identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Construction of a monumental tomb for his father Philip, "to match the greatest of the, Conquest of Arabia and the entire Mediterranean basin, Development of cities and the "transplant of populations from Asia to Europe and in the opposite direction from Europe to Asia, in order to bring the largest continent to common unity and to friendship by means of intermarriage and family ties", "Empire" as a description of foreign policy, This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 16:38. Was it Veratrum album? Some of the first and most influential figurative portrayals of the Buddha appeared at this time, perhaps modelled on Greek statues of Apollo in the Greco-Buddhist style. He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara (a region presently straddling eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan), to come to him and submit to his authority. British historian Peter Green provided a description of Alexander's appearance, based on his review of statues and some ancient documents: Physically, Alexander was not prepossessing. The advance was successful and broke Darius' center, causing the latter to flee once again. [b] At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River. [114], The fort of Massaga was reduced only after days of bloody fighting, in which Alexander was wounded seriously in the ankle. [210] He began to identify himself as the son of Zeus-Ammon. Alexander and his exploits were admired by many Romans, especially generals, who wanted to associate themselves with his achievements. Caligula was said to have taken Alexander's breastplate from the tomb for his own use. After the assassination of Perdiccas in 321 BC, Macedonian unity collapsed, and 40 years of war between "The Successors" (Diadochi) ensued before the Hellenistic world settled into four stable power blocs: Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Mesopotamia and Central Asia, Attalid Anatolia, and Antigonid Macedon. [274] In this tradition, he was a heroic figure who built a wall to defend against the nations of Gog and Magog. [104], During this time, Alexander adopted some elements of Persian dress and customs at his court, notably the custom of proskynesis, either a symbolic kissing of the hand, or prostration on the ground, that Persians showed to their social superiors. The Macedonians quickly begged forgiveness, which Alexander accepted, and held a great banquet for several thousand of his men at which he and they ate together. [268] His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskynesis. You can purchase Sikandar-e-Azam Plus from leading medical stores, Or send us an email on info@hashmi.com, call or WhatsApp on 9058577992. [83], Leaving Egypt in 331 BCE, Alexander marched eastward into Achaemenid Assyria in Upper Mesopotamia (now northern Iraq) and defeated Darius again at the Battle of Gaugamela. Sikandar-E-Azam has been prepared after studying ancient Unani text and modern technology has been used for dick enlargement and male enlargement pills. [129] Alexander reached Susa in 324 BC, but not before losing many men to the harsh desert. [181] Nevertheless, Perdiccas read Alexander's will to his troops.[60]. The so-called "Alexander Sarcophagus", discovered near Sidon and now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, is so named not because it was thought to have contained Alexander's remains, but because its bas-reliefs depict Alexander and his companions fighting the Persians and hunting. [200] He had a calmer side—perceptive, logical, and calculating. Alexander was emboldened to divide his forces, and Ambhi assisted Hephaestion and Perdiccas in constructing a bridge over the Indus where it bends at Hund,[115] supplied their troops with provisions, and received Alexander himself, and his whole army, in his capital city of Taxila, with every demonstration of friendship and the most liberal hospitality. Buy Sikandar-e-Azam book online at Raavi.pk with Ease & Speed 100% Genuine Book Fastest Delivery to all over Pakistan Free delivery for orders over Rs. [236], The eastern borders of Alexander's empire began to collapse even during his lifetime. [239] The temple was designed by Pytheos, one of the architects of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. [159][160] Natural-cause theories also tend to emphasize that Alexander's health may have been in general decline after years of heavy drinking and severe wounds. Starting from Amphipolis, he travelled east into the country of the "Independent Thracians"; and at Mount Haemus, the Macedonian army attacked and defeated the Thracian forces manning the heights. On the subsequent advance of the Macedonian king, Taxiles accompanied him with a force of 5,000 men and took part in the battle of the Hydaspes River. [259] The Macriani, a Roman family that in the person of Macrinus briefly ascended to the imperial throne, kept images of Alexander on their persons, either on jewellery, or embroidered into their clothes. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20. "[53] At Corinth, Alexander took the title of Hegemon ("leader") and, like Philip, was appointed commander for the coming war against Persia. [127], Alexander tried to persuade his soldiers to march farther, but his general Coenus pleaded with him to change his opinion and return; the men, he said, "longed to again see their parents, their wives and children, their homeland". [125] This river thus marks the easternmost extent of Alexander's conquests. [21][24][25][26] This gave the Macedonian court a good knowledge of Persian issues, and may even have influenced some of the innovations in the management of the Macedonian state. [40] Alexander reacted by sending an actor, Thessalus of Corinth, to tell Pixodarus that he should not offer his daughter's hand to an illegitimate son, but instead to Alexander. Adventure, Drama, History. Left to fight alone, they were defeated. Writing shortly after Alexander's death, another participant, Onesicritus, invented a tryst between Alexander and Thalestris, queen of the mythical Amazons. In return for teaching Alexander, Philip agreed to rebuild Aristotle's hometown of Stageira, which Philip had razed, and to repopulate it by buying and freeing the ex-citizens who were slaves, or pardoning those who were in exile. [10] Although Philip had seven or eight wives, Olympias was his principal wife for some time, likely because she gave birth to Alexander. Sikandar-E-Azam is a movie directed by Kedar Kapoor featuring Prithviraj Kapoor, Dara Singh. After this, details on the fate of the tomb are hazy.[165]. [89] During his stay a fire broke out in the eastern palace of Xerxes I and spread to the rest of the city. One Greek king, Menander I, probably became Buddhist, and was immortalized in Buddhist literature as 'Milinda'. [151][152][153] In a 2014 manuscript in the journal Clinical Toxicology, Schep suggested Alexander's wine was spiked with Veratrum album, and that this would produce poisoning symptoms that match the course of events described in the Alexander Romance. [148][157], Alexander's sexuality has been the subject of speculation and controversy in modern times. Deity, or at least sought to deify himself by requiring it after this, details on direct... These victories, he appears to have taken Alexander 's conquests reached Alexander, and founded a city named.. Campaigned north, the size of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus [ 79,. Alexander meant to deify himself and eventually the ancestor of modern Greek folklore, more so than any other figure... Causing the latter to flee with their troops. [ 283 ] [ ]. Greeks who had settled there tried to return to Greece pausanias writes that meant. Persian Royal Road you will find the full list of lesser-known films to you. 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